全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2939篇 |
免费 | 543篇 |
国内免费 | 323篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 2146篇 |
晶体学 | 38篇 |
力学 | 184篇 |
综合类 | 20篇 |
数学 | 300篇 |
物理学 | 1117篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 88篇 |
2022年 | 70篇 |
2021年 | 115篇 |
2020年 | 162篇 |
2019年 | 138篇 |
2018年 | 137篇 |
2017年 | 85篇 |
2016年 | 179篇 |
2015年 | 140篇 |
2014年 | 184篇 |
2013年 | 197篇 |
2012年 | 286篇 |
2011年 | 318篇 |
2010年 | 185篇 |
2009年 | 218篇 |
2008年 | 206篇 |
2007年 | 159篇 |
2006年 | 143篇 |
2005年 | 115篇 |
2004年 | 93篇 |
2003年 | 74篇 |
2002年 | 70篇 |
2001年 | 57篇 |
2000年 | 49篇 |
1999年 | 53篇 |
1998年 | 43篇 |
1997年 | 34篇 |
1996年 | 52篇 |
1995年 | 28篇 |
1994年 | 30篇 |
1993年 | 15篇 |
1992年 | 15篇 |
1991年 | 16篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有3805条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
高等教育要适应世界潮流和时代变化,本科教育须进一步提高实践教学的比重,加强理论教学与实践教学相结合,完善协同育人机制。结合学科发展和企业发展需求,中山大学化学学院与金发科技股份有限公司(简称金发科技)共同建设大学生实践教学基地。本文以中山大学-金发科技本科实践教学基地为例,探讨大学生校外实践基地建设过程中遇到的问题以及实践基地的建设内容与成果体会。 相似文献
22.
Chen Chao-Yue Qiao Yu Zhang Lei Wang Xin Yang Ting-Hai 《Research on Chemical Intermediates》2020,46(9):4079-4089
Research on Chemical Intermediates - When synthesizing cyclohexane-annulated pyrazolones from a cyclohexonedicarboxylate derivative with phenylhydrazine under the catalysis of sulfuric acid in the... 相似文献
23.
24.
Dr. Qiao Chen Xin Yi Meirong Huang Wenjia Wu Qiyang Song Changjiang Nie Prof. Shun Wang Prof. Hongwei Zhu 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,26(33):7463-7469
Precursors and catalysts play vital roles in chemical reactions. Considerable efforts have been devoted to the investigation of catalysts for graphene growth by chemical vapor deposition in recent years. However, there has been little research on precursors because of a lack of innovation in term of creating a controllable feeding method. Herein, we present a novel sustained and controlled release approach, and develop a convenient, safe, and potentially scalable feeding system with the assistance of matrix materials and a simple portable feeder. As a result, a highly volatile liquid precursor can be fed accurately to grow large-area, uniform graphene films with optimal properties. This feeding approach will further benefit the synthesis of other two-dimensional materials from various precursors. 相似文献
25.
Yingying Bi Lijun Han Fayi Qin Shuangyu Song Xinru Lv Qin Dong Chengkui Qiao Bo Ren 《Biomedical chromatography : BMC》2022,36(5):e5342
Trifloxystrobin (TFS) is a widely used strobilurin fungicide and its residues accumulating in animal-derived food could result in potential harm to consumers. By optimization of extraction solvents and cleanup sorbents, a residue analysis method for TFS and its metabolite trifloxystrobin acid (TFSA) was established in milk, eggs and pork based on QuEChERS sample preparation and LC–MS/MS. The calibration curves exhibited good linearity with determination coefficients (R2) >0.9930 over the range of 0.5–250 ng/ml for both TFS and TFSA. The recoveries of the two analytes were 81–100% with RSD 3–10% and 76–96% with RSD 2–13%, respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 1 ng/g for both analytes. The milk, egg and pork samples, 30 each, were collected from the 30 main producing regions in China, and residues of TFS and TFSA were analyzed. The concentrations of both analytes were lower than the corresponding LOQs and maximum residue limits. Long-term dietary risk assessment showed that the hazard quotients were 0.001–0.003%, indicating an absence of unacceptable risks in milk, eggs and pork to the health of common consumers in China. 相似文献
26.
Dr. Qiao Xue Xian Liu Wenxiao Pan Prof. Aiqian Zhang Prof. Jianjie Fu Prof. Guibin Jiang 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2022,28(6):e202104215
COVID-19 caused by SARS-COV-2 is continuing to surge globally. The spike (S) protein is the key protein of SARS-COV-2 that recognizes and binds to the host target ACE2. In this study, molecular dynamics simulation was used to elucidate the allosteric effect of the S protein. Binding of ACE2 caused a centripetal movement of the receptor-binding domain of the S protein. The dihedral changes in Phe329 and Phe515 played a key role in this process. Two potential cleavage sites S1/S2 and S2′ were exposed on the surface after the binding of ACE2. The binding affinity of SARS-COV-2 S protein and ACE2 was higher than that of SARS-COV. This was mainly due to the mutation of Asp480 in SARS-COV to Ser494 in SARS-COV-2, which greatly weakened the electrostatic repulsion. The result provides a theoretical basis for the SARS-COV-2 infection and aids the development of biosensors and detection reagents. 相似文献
27.
Dr. Xiaolong Zu Yuan Zhao Dr. Xiaodong Li Runhua Chen Weiwei Shao Li Li Panzhe Qiao Prof. Wensheng Yan Prof. Yang Pan Qian Xu Prof. Junfa Zhu Prof. Yongfu Sun Prof. Yi Xie 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2023,135(1):e202215247
Herein, we first design a model of reversible redox-switching metal–organic framework single-unit-cell sheets, where the abundant metal single sites benefit for highly selective CO2 reduction, while the reversible redox-switching metal sites can effectively activate CO2 molecules. Taking the synthetic Cu-MOF single-unit-cell sheets as an example, synchrotron-radiation quasi in situ X-ray photoelectron spectra unravel the reversible switching CuII/CuI single sites initially accept photoexcited electrons and then donate them to CO2 molecules, which favors the rate-liming activation into CO2δ−, verified by in situ FTIR spectra and Gibbs free energy calculations. As an outcome, Cu-MOF single-unit-cell sheets achieve near 100 % selectivity for CO2 photoreduction to CO with a high rate of 860 μmol g−1 h−1 without any sacrifice reagent or photosensitizer, where both the activity and selectivity outperform previously reported photocatalysts evaluated under similar conditions. 相似文献
28.
Qiao Zhang Hsin Jung Tsai Fuhua Li Zhiming Wei Qinye He Dr. Jie Ding Yuhang Liu Zih-Yi Lin Xiaoju Yang Dr. Zhaoyang Chen Prof. Fangxin Hu Prof. Xuan Yang Prof. Qing Tang Prof. Hong Bin Yang Prof. Sung-Fu Hung Prof. Yueming Zhai 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2023,62(44):e202311550
Single-atom catalysts exhibit superior CO2-to-CO catalytic activity, but poor kinetics of proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) steps still limit the overall performance toward the industrial scale. Here, we constructed a Fe−P atom paired catalyst onto nitrogen doped graphitic layer (Fe1/PNG) to accelerate PCET step. Fe1/PNG delivers an industrial CO current of 1 A with FECO over 90 % at 2.5 V in a membrane-electrode assembly, overperforming the CO current of Fe1/NG by more than 300 %. We also decrypted the synergistic effects of the P atom in the Fe−P atom pair using operando techniques and density functional theory, revealing that the P atom provides additional adsorption sites for accelerating water dissociation, boosting the hydrogenation of CO2, and enhancing the activity of CO2 reduction. This atom-pair catalytic strategy can modulate multiple reactants and intermediates to break through the inherent limitations of single-atom catalysts. 相似文献
29.
Ya-Kui Sun Jin-Bao Qiao Yu-Meng Xin Qin Zhou Zhi-Hua Ma Hui Shao Yu-Ming Zhao 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2023,62(40):e202310917
Herein, we report a concise and divergent synthesis of the complex hasubanan alkaloids metaphanine and oxoepistephamiersine from commercially available and inexpensive cyclohexanedione monoethylene acetal. Our synthesis features a palladium-catalyzed cascade cyclization reaction to set the tricyclic carbon framework of the desired molecules, a regioselective Baeyer–Villiger oxidation followed by a MeNH2 triggered skeletal reorganization cascade to construct the benzannulated aza[4.4.3]propellane, and a strategically late-stage regio-/diastereoselective oxidative annulation of sp3 C−H bond to form the challenging THF ring system and hemiketal moiety in a single step. In addition, a highly enantioselective alkylation of cyclohexanedione monoethylene acetal paved the way for the asymmetric synthesis of target molecular. 相似文献
30.
Xingju Li Jiaqian Wang Qiao Yuan Xiangen Song Jiali Mu Yao Wei Li Yan Fanfei Sun Siquan Feng Yutong Cai Zheng Jiang Zhongkang Han Yunjie Ding 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2023,62(33):e202307570
Heterogeneous single-metal-site catalysts usually suffer from poor stability, thereby limiting industrial applications. Dual Pd1−Ru1 single-atom-sites supported on porous ionic polymers (Pd1−Ru1/PIPs) were constructed using a wetness impregnation method. The two isolated metal species in the form of a binuclear complex were immobilized on the cationic framework of PIPs through ionic bonds. Compared to the single Pd- or Ru-site catalyst, the dual single-atom system exhibits higher activity with 98 % acetylene conversion and near 100 % selectivity to dialkoxycarbonylation products, as well as better cycling stability for ten cycles without obvious decay. Based on DFT calculations, it was found that the single-Ru site exhibited a strong CO adsorption energy of −1.6 eV, leading to an increase in the local CO concentration of the catalyst. Notably, the Pd1−Ru1/PIPs catalyst had a much lower energy barrier of 2.49 eV compared to 3.87 eV of Pd1/PIPs for the rate-determining step. The synergetic effect between neighboring single sites Pd1 and Ru1 not only enhanced the overall activity, but also stabilized PdII active sites. The discovery of synergetic effects between single sites can deepen our understanding of single-site catalysts at the molecular level. 相似文献